Educational

PetaPixel's editorials are in-depth stories, thought-pieces, and opinions on the photography industry led by the minds of our editorial team.
A woman with shoulder-length blonde hair wearing sunglasses and a black outfit stands confidently outdoors in an urban setting, holding her sunglasses with one hand.

Color Grading in Portrait Photography: From Finding Inspiration to Final Results

Color grading is a crucial creative adjustment that enhances storytelling and evokes emotions. In portrait photography, it plays a significant role in establishing the mood of the subject. This article explores how to craft color grading in portrait photography, from sourcing inspiration to achieving the final result.

A camera screen displays a focused image of two patterned pillows on a blue-striped couch, with green focus brackets over the pillows and camera settings shown at the bottom.

The Anatomy of Autofocus: How Cameras and Lenses Achieve Perfect Focus

Autofocus (AF) is one of the most significant advancements in the history of photography. From the first autofocus camera -- the Konica C35 AF in 1977 -- to the first true autofocus ILC, the Minolta Maxxum 7000. Although manual focus still has its devotees -- especially in genres that reward deliberation, such as macro, landscape, or vintage shooting -- autofocus has become the default expectation for most modern photographers.

Thin, branching white filaments spread across a dark background, resembling fungal hyphae or root structures, with a few bright, out-of-focus circular spots in the corners.

Lens Fungus: What It Is and How to Deal With It

Pick up a dusty old lens from a flea market, an estate sale, or even your own forgotten storage bin, and you might notice something strange glinting beneath the surface of the front element: delicate white threads, odd patterns like spiderwebs or frost creeping across the inside of the glass. That eerie substance is lens fungus -- an unwelcome guest in the world of photography that quietly invades optical systems, thrives in darkness and moisture, and, if left untreated, can cause permanent and …

A collage of vibrant scenes from Southeast Asia, including rice fields, a man cycling with large fruit, monks on temple stairs, fishermen, women in conical hats working in water, and dramatic mountain and sunset landscapes.

The Library of Fake ‘Travel Photos’ in Asia

The following article is a resource to help the world’s photography competition judges work out if the “travel” images they are judging are real or not! Yep, this is the first library of fake travel photos focusing on people photography in Asia. You’re welcome!

A bright spiral galaxy with a glowing core is shown on the left, surrounded by stars and smaller galaxies. On the right, a colorful nebula displays red, white, and dark clouds in a star-filled black sky.

A Complete Guide to Deep-Sky Astrophotography

While photographing wide-angle nightscapes is a common occurrence for astrophotographers, not many capture the faint nebulae and distant galaxies hidden beyond the Milky Way. Trevor Jones, creator of AstroBackyard, turned his obsession with space into a dedicated passion, teaching himself astrophotography to share the deep-sky he first witnessed through a telescope. Now a successful YouTuber and respected voice in the community, Jones helps demystify the process.

A woman in a long, dark gown stands with one foot on a table, holding a gun. A man lies face down on the floor with another gun beside him. A bottle and glass are on the table. The image has a vintage, noir style.

This 1940s Photo Was Made to Defy Hollywood Self-Censorship Rules

The Motion Picture Production Code, more commonly referred to as the Hays Code, was one of the most influential forces shaping Hollywood’s Golden Age. Created to uphold moral standards in cinema, the Code governed what could and could not be shown on screen for over three decades. Yet, as restrictive as it was, resistance to its rules surfaced even from within the industry itself.

A vintage Nikon film camera with a 50mm f/1.8 lens is displayed against an orange background. The camera features a black body with manual controls and a classic design.

The Best Budget 35mm Film Cameras in 2026

The resurgence of film photography in recent years has breathed new life into the world of analog cameras and for many, the 35mm format remains the gold standard. Its perfect balance of image quality, convenience, and affordability makes it a favorite among both newcomers and seasoned photographers.

Image of two black camera mode dials. Each dial includes settings like "P," "A," "S," "M," and "AUTO," along with icons for portrait, landscape, macro, and sports modes. The dials are against a light gray background.

How the Defunct APEX System Inspired Aperture and Shutter Priority Modes

Photography is an art and science deeply rooted in the manipulation of light. From the earliest days of the camera obscura to the digital age, photographers have sought to control exposure—the amount of light that reaches the camera sensor or film—to create compelling images. Central to this control are the variables of aperture, shutter speed, and ISO (no, ISO does not actually change the sensitivity but nevertheless plays an integral role in exposure choices).

Close-up of a Nikon AF-S DX NIKKOR 18-140mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR camera lens, showing the zoom ring with focal length markings and part of the VR label. The texture of the grip and the gold Nikon branding are visible.

A Guide to Nikon’s Lens Abbreviations

Few lens makers can claim a lineup as huge and diverse as Nikon's. Its legendary F-mount for film-based and digital SLRs has been in continuous production since 1959, along with the newer Z-mount specifically for mirrorless cameras that launched in 2018.

A close-up image of various camera lenses positioned at different angles. The lenses display colorful reflections and light flares, showcasing the intricate glass elements inside. The overall color palette includes deep blacks and vibrant greens, blues, and purples.

What Even is a ‘Cinema’ Lens, Anyway?

If you, like me, are prone to idly perusing the catalogs of your favorite camera store searching for the next bit of kit to add to your collection, you’ve probably stumbled into the “Professional Video” section and been absolutely bowled over by how much money one can spend on literally anything in this category.

A vibrant fireworks display in a city skyline. On the left, multicolored fireworks illuminate a bridge and buildings with emphasis on red trails. On the right, blue and white fireworks burst against the night sky, reflected on a wet surface below.

How to Photograph Fireworks Like a Pro

With the Fourth of July quickly approaching in the United States, photographers are getting ready to capture the magic of fireworks shows. If you want to nail some spectacular shots, you'll want to pay attention to a few key tips.

Back Button Focus: Everything You Need to Know

In the world of photography, achieving precise focus is a requirement when capturing great images. Whether you're shooting a landscape, a candid portrait, or a blink-and-you’ll-miss-it moment in a fast-paced event, sharp focus can make or break your image. 

A man with a camera and a backpack in an orange jacket stands in an empty airport terminal, gazing out large windows, with departure gates and clear sky in the background.

Flying with Lithium Batteries: What You Need to Know

As many of us, including myself, prepare to travel this summer, we -- as photographers -- tend to carry a lot of lithium batteries for our photography gear. After all, we aren’t going to check our precious and pricey cameras, lenses, and other equipment. Naturally, batteries are a necessary component of any photographer’s kit, whether they be camera batteries, lithium-ion AA or AAA batteries, or something else.

Split image featuring a vintage camera on the left and two boys standing against a city street background on the right. one boy has his arm around the other's shoulder. black and white tone.

Why I Shoot Medium Format Film

Back in the day, 35mm film was called “miniature” format; its itty bitty negatives were considered only good for snapshots and maybe street photography (sorry, Leica shooter Henri Cartier-Bresson). Serious photography—landscape, portraiture, documentary, commercial—was dominated by medium format film, a platform that produced images with fine detail and luscious tonality, even when blown up to make billboard-size prints.

Eclipse Across America

Eclipse Across America: How to Photograph and Enjoy Today’s Historic Eclipse

After years of anticipation, the 2024 total solar eclipse has finally arrived. Many millions of Americans will be in or near the eclipse's path of totality, ranging from Texas to Maine. However, hundreds of millions more people will have to find other ways to enjoy the celestial event. That's where ABC News and National Geographic come in with Eclipse Across America.