Educational

PetaPixel's editorials are in-depth stories, thought-pieces, and opinions on the photography industry led by the minds of our editorial team.
A black-and-white photo showing two blurry figures walking or cycling on a curved path, overlaid with a semi-transparent white swirl graphic. Sparse trees and poles line the empty, sunlit area.

Time Machines Exist — They Are Called Photographs

The concept of a time machine was first described by H.G. Wells in his book The Time Machine in the year 1895. That was 57 years after Louis Daguerre invented his photographic technique, the daguerreotype.

A vivid aurora with pink and purple lights illuminates the night sky above calm water and a wooden pier, with a rocky breakwater in the background.

Photography and the Strangeness of Colors

An understanding of colors and how they can transform our photography is a skill we photographers must master. Therefore, getting to grips with the strangeness of color is essential for understanding how to take better photos.

A collage of three images: a gloved hand examining a photo with a ruler, a close-up of a vintage camera viewfinder and lens, and a black Leica 110 camera showing its lens and viewfinder.

The Most Special Cameras, Lenses, and Photos in Leica’s Archives

Leica counted down the days to Christmas in style, delivering daily videos that showcase "the most special things" in the company's archives. As is tradition, the photographic advent calendar of sorts concluded yesterday, Christmas Eve, and we thought a nice little Christmas present to our passionate readers was a recap of Leica's Christmas countdown.

Large, jagged rocks partially submerged in misty, flowing water, creating a surreal and ethereal scene in black and white.

Do Your Images Mean Anything? Should They?

As photographers, we often concentrate on technical perfection and the compositional layout. However, arguably more important than either of those is adding meaning to your photos. It can be challenging, but adding meaning can genuinely elevate your photos to the next tier.

A lone figure walks down an empty, wet street at night, surrounded by fog and illuminated by streetlights, creating a moody and mysterious atmosphere in a quiet urban setting.

Embrace Unusual Conditions for Compelling Photographs

The most compelling photos are those that break away from the mundane. Therefore, you can achieve better results by photographing at atypical times of day and weather conditions. Here are some hints for doing that and avoiding some risks.

A grumpy-looking black and white cat in front of a chalkboard covered with scientific equations. Large text above the cat reads, "WHY SO CUTE?" and a square with "NS" is in the bottom left corner.

Photographer Uses Science to Explain Why Humans Think Cats Are Cute

Animal photographer Tim Flach has taken hundreds of photos of cats and, through his time with them, finds himself asking questions about why they are so important to humans. He has partnered with scientists to find out exactly why they elicit the emotions they do, and how he, as a photographer, can better highlight those aspects of their form.

A diagram shows the internal optical path of a camera’s viewfinder system, with colored lines illustrating light passing through various lenses, prisms, and mirrors inside the camera body.

This Explainer on How a Rangefinder Camera Works Is The Best We’ve Seen

Photographer and technology expert David Imel recently published a video discussing why Leica got rid of the most iconic part of its M series cameras in the new M EV1: the rangefinder. But to do that, he first had to explain what a rangefinder is and how it works, and in doing so created the best modern breakdown of the technology that is very easy to understand.

A tall white mosque minaret rises among houses and trees on a hillside, with a large green mountain in the background under a clear blue sky.

How to Elevate Your Travel Photography Beyond Vacation Snapshots

Travel photography is one of the most rewarding genres, as it allows you to use your image skills in new and exciting environments. But there is more to it than just creating vacation snaps. Here are some of my approaches to better travel photography during a recent visit to beautiful Albania.

A rooftop photoshoot scene with a crowd watching as a photographer captures two models, one standing and one tossing fabric, against a cityscape. Large lights and camera equipment are set up around them.

Adorama and Sony Team Up for Free Photo Events

Sony and Adorama are inviting photographers to their highly anticipated Rooftop Photography Events at Sixth Floor Loft in New York City. Over two consecutive days, October 26 and 27, attendees will experience hands-on sessions with Sony cameras, expert guidance from industry professionals, and the chance to capture striking rooftop imagery.

A split image shows a silhouetted person by a tree at sunset, a bearded man in a dark jacket, and a man standing in a sunlit, leafy area. Bold text reads: “FILM GRAIN EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT.”.

How to Emulate Film Grain in Your Digital Photos

Every few years, I write an updated version of the Film Grain Emulation guide. I do this because my passion drives me to learn more, and my understanding of film grain changes significantly.

A seagull flies over calm water with two anchored boats in the background, set against a blurred shoreline.

Understanding Aperture Will Instantly Improve Your Photography

In my previous article, we embarked on an adventure that started with a basic understanding of metering and exposure. Hopefully, you appreciate how the camera measures light and how its aperture, ISO, and shutter speed can be balanced to expose the image correctly. Each of those changes the way the image looks, and here’s what the aperture does.

A small dark wooden house sits beside a cluster of leafless trees in a snowy, open landscape under an overcast sky. The scene is serene and monochromatic, evoking a quiet winter day.

Your First Exciting Steps Into Understanding Metering and Exposure

Photography requires greater technical understanding than any other art form. I’ve been teaching people at all levels of photography for well over a decade. At the start of each workshop, I always begin by explaining metering and basic exposure settings. A major foundation of good photography, these settings are often the least understood, but they are among the easiest things to get right.

A bride in a white dress holding a bouquet walks outdoors on a sandy path, while a young boy helps carry her train. A wooden fence and grass are visible in the background. The scene is in black and white.

Overcoming The Barriers To Making Money From Your Photography

It’s getting ever more challenging to earn a living from photography. It is especially difficult to start a photography business now. So, here are some of the barriers you may meet and how to overcome them.

I consider myself lucky as I earn my living from photography. It’s not a profession that is going to make me rich, although it keeps the wolves from the door. Moreover, I love what I do.

A black camera silhouette with a large red question mark over the lens, set against a gray gradient background.

How You Can Make the Right First Camera Choice

It is tempting to be drawn in by marketing hype and buy the camera with the most enticing advertisement. Or you might go along with what a friend has. Alternatively, you could consider the choice in Walmart and pick up the cheapest model. All of these could be bad decisions.

A close-up photo of multiple red circular badges on a black surface, with the frontmost badge displaying the white cursive "Leica" logo. The background badges are out of focus.

One Hundred Years of Leica: How a Tiny German Camera Changed Photography Forever

This year, the world celebrates the 100th anniversary of a camera that revolutionized photography: the Leica I. Often called the Leica Standard, this compact 35mm rangefinder was introduced at the 1925 Leipzig Spring Fair and marked the beginning of modern handheld photography. It didn’t just represent a technological leap -- it sparked a cultural and artistic movement.

A collage of nature and wildlife photos with the text "Tamron Photo Master Classes" and "Tamron University" in large letters across the center.

Tamron University Offers Free Online Photo Classes Taught by Pros

Tamron Americas launched Tamron University, an online series of free classes led by professional photographers and filmmakers. These new multi-part courses are designed to help beginners and enthusiasts improve their skills and learn valuable business skills that can help them become successful pros.

Close-up of a camera lens labeled "82mm" next to a black SD memory card resting on a flat, reflective surface.

A Creator’s Guide to Data Storage and Backup

If you’re someone who makes a living by creating things with your computer, or even an enthusiastic hobbyist, chances are that eventually, you’re going to need more room to store all of your stuff than can be provided by the drive(s) built into your computer. Arguably more importantly, if you’re especially attached to some of the work you’ve done and would like to protect it from loss, you’re going to want some method of backing up your data.

A woman with shoulder-length blonde hair wearing sunglasses and a black outfit stands confidently outdoors in an urban setting, holding her sunglasses with one hand.

Color Grading in Portrait Photography: From Finding Inspiration to Final Results

Color grading is a crucial creative adjustment that enhances storytelling and evokes emotions. In portrait photography, it plays a significant role in establishing the mood of the subject. This article explores how to craft color grading in portrait photography, from sourcing inspiration to achieving the final result.

A triptych image of vibrant fireworks in the night sky over a city skyline, featuring bursts of red, blue, green, and gold above buildings, water, and a crowd on a lit walkway.

5 Creative Fireworks Photography Techniques for Dazzling, One-of-a-Kind Shots

No matter what skill level you're at, PetaPixel has educational guides to help you create vivid, masterful fireworks photographs. This how-to offers five creative fireworks photography techniques to elevate your shots beyond the basics, including a Grand Finale trick perfect for capturing unique, expressive images that stand out from the crowd.

A camera screen displays a focused image of two patterned pillows on a blue-striped couch, with green focus brackets over the pillows and camera settings shown at the bottom.

The Anatomy of Autofocus: How Cameras and Lenses Achieve Perfect Focus

Autofocus (AF) is one of the most significant advancements in the history of photography. From the first autofocus camera -- the Konica C35 AF in 1977 -- to the first true autofocus ILC, the Minolta Maxxum 7000. Although manual focus still has its devotees -- especially in genres that reward deliberation, such as macro, landscape, or vintage shooting -- autofocus has become the default expectation for most modern photographers.

Thin, branching white filaments spread across a dark background, resembling fungal hyphae or root structures, with a few bright, out-of-focus circular spots in the corners.

Lens Fungus: What It Is and How to Deal With It

Pick up a dusty old lens from a flea market, an estate sale, or even your own forgotten storage bin, and you might notice something strange glinting beneath the surface of the front element: delicate white threads, odd patterns like spiderwebs or frost creeping across the inside of the glass. That eerie substance is lens fungus -- an unwelcome guest in the world of photography that quietly invades optical systems, thrives in darkness and moisture, and, if left untreated, can cause permanent and costly damage to your equipment.